| Information |
|---|
| CD14 antigen precursor |
| InnateImmunity |
|
chr5 (-) (chr5:139991505-139992956) |
|
NM_000591
|
| 37 |
| 0 |
| 4 |
| 0 |
|
[ SNPper ]
[ GoldenPath ]
[ Gene Image ]
[ LocusLink ]
[ Omim ]
[ PubMed ]
|
|
CD14 was the first pattern recognition receptor to be identified. CD14 is expressed on, and secreted by, myeloid cells. CD14-negative cells, such as epithelial and endothelial cells, become responsive to bacterial pathogens in the presence of soluble CD14 (sCD14), a protein present in the serum in microgram amounts and secreted by monocytes and the liver. Membrane-bound and sCD14 bind a variety of bacterial products, e.g., LPS from Gram-negative bacteria, lipoteichoic acids from Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacterial glycolipids, and mannans from yeast s. Responses of inflammatory cells to subpicomolar concentrations of bacterial ligands require LPS-binding protein (LBP), a lipid transfer protein that recognizes the lipid A moiety of LPS and facilitates the binding of LPS to sCD14 or membrane CD14. At the molecular level, CD14 acts by transferring LPS and other bacterial ligands from circulating LPS-binding protein to the Toll-like receptor 4/MD-2 signaling complex. Engagement of this complex results in the activation of innate host defense mechanisms, such as release of inflammatory cytokines, and in upregulation of costimulatory molecules, thus providing cues that are essential to directing adaptive immune responses. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the CD14 promoter that is accompanied by increased levels of sCD14 has been found to be associated with decreased total serum IgE levels. Functional genomics studies have shown that the same polymorphism enhances CD14 transcriptional activity by decreasing the affinity of the promoter for Sp proteins..
( See Omim for more ... ) |
